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Thereisadiffere
cebetwee
theshearflowi
theslaba
dthati
thebeameleme
tswithrecta
gularsectio
smodeli
gtheslabBecauseofthisthetorsio
alstiff
essissetequaltoo
ehalfofthatofthegrosssectio
s9
Thebuildi
ghadi
fillwallso
2
d4th5tha
d6thfloorso
thespa
drelbeams
fwithsomeope
i
gsiewi
dowsa
ddoorsAsme
tio
edbeforea
daspartofthedemolitio
procedurethei
fillwallsi
the1sta
d3rdfloorswereremovedbeforethetestThei
fillwallsweremadeofhollowclaytileswhichwerei
goodco
ditio
The
etareaoftheclaytileswasabout12ofthegrossareaThei
pla
eactio
ofthei
fillwallsco
tributestothebuildi
gstiff
essa
dstre
gtha
daffectsthebuildi
grespo
seIg
ori
gtheeffectsofthei
fillwallsa
dexcludi
gthemi
themodelwouldresulti
u
derestimati
gthebuildi
gstiff
essa
dstre
gth
Usi
gtheSAP2000computerprogram8twotypesofmodeli
gforthei
fillsareco
sideredi
thisstudyo
eusestwodime
sio
alshelleleme
tsModelAa
dtheotherusescompressivestrutsModelBassuggestedi
FEMA35610guideli
es41ModelAi
fillsmodeledbyshelleleme
ts
I
fillwallsaremodeledwithshelleleme
tsHoweverthecurre
tversio
oftheSAP2000computerprogrami
cludeso
lyli
earshelleleme
tsa
dca
otaccou
tforcracki
gThete
silestre
gthofthei
fillwallsissetequalto26psiwithamodulusofelasticityof644ksi10Becausetheformatio
ofcrackshasasig
ifica
teffecto
thestiff
essofthei
fillwallsthefollowi
giterativeprocedureisusedtoaccou
tforcrackformatio
1Assumi
gthei
fillwallsareli
eara
du
crackeda
o
li
eartimehistorya
alysisisru
Notethatplastichi
gesexisti
thebeameleme
tsa
dthesegme
tsofthebeameleme
tswheremome
tdema
dexceedsthecracki
gmome
thaveareducedmome
tofi
ertia
2Thecracki
gpatter
i
thei
fillwallisdetermi
edbycompari
gstressesi
theshellsdevelopedduri
gthea
alysiswiththete
silestre
gthofi
fills
3Nodesareseparatedatthelocatio
swherete
silestressexceedste
silestre
gthThesestepsareco
ti
uedu
tilthecrackregio
sareproperlymodeled42ModelBi
fillsmodeledbystruts
I
fillwallsarereplacedwithcompressivestrutsasdescribedi
FEMA35610guideli
esOrie
tatio
softhestrutsaredetermi
edfromthedeformedshapeofthestructureaftercolum
removala
dthelocatio
ofope
i
gs43Colum
removal
Removalofthecolum
sissimulatedwiththefollowi
gprocedure1Thestructureisa
alyzedu
dertheperma
e
tloadsa
dthei
ter
alforcesaredetermi
edatthee
dsofthecolum
swhichwillberemoved2Themodelismodifiedbyremovi
gcolum
sA2a
dA3o
thefirstfloorAgai
thestructureisstaticallya
alyzedu
derperma
e
tloadsI
thiscasethei
ter
alforcesatthee
dsofremovedcolum
sfou
di
thefirststepareappliedexterr
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