peoplelivedi
citiesa
dtheworld’ste
largestcitiesallhadpopulatio
sexceedi
go
emillio
By2000the
umberofcitydwellersexceededthreebillio
a
di
2008theworldspopulatio
crossedatippi
gpoi
tmoretha
halfofthepeopleo
Earthlivedi
citiesBy2050thatcouldi
creasetoovertwothirdsClearlyhuma
shavebecomea
urba
speciesI
the19tha
dearly20thce
turiesma
ypeopleviewedcities
egativelycrowdeddirtye
viro
me
tsfullofdiseasea
dcrimeTheyfearedthatascitiesgotbiggerlivi
gco
ditio
swouldworse
I
rece
tdecadeshoweverattitudeshavecha
gedMa
yexperts
owthi
kurba
izatio
城市化isgood
ewsofferi
gsolutio
stotheproblemsofEarth’sgrowi
gpopulatio
Harvardeco
omistEdwardGlaeserauthorofTheVictoryoftheCiriso
esuchperso
Glaeserarguesthatcitiesareveryproductivebecause“theabse
ceofspacebetwee
people”reducesthecostoftra
sporti
ggoodspeoplea
dideasWhiletheflowofgoodshasalwaysbee
importa
ttocitieswhatismostimporta
ttodayistheflowofideasSuccessfulcitiese
ablepeopletolear
fromeachothereasilya
dattracta
drewardsmartpeoplewithhigherwagesA
otherurba
izatio
supporterise
viro
me
talistStewartBra
dBra
dbelievescitieshelpthee
viro
me
tbecausetheyallowhaftoftheworld’spopulatio
toliveo
aboutfourperce
tofthela
dThisleavesmorespaceforope
cou
trysuchasfarmla
dCitydwellersalsohavelessimpactperperso
o
thee
viro
me
ttha
peoplei
thecou
trysideTheirroadssewersa
dpowerli
es
eedfewerresourcestobuilda
doperateCityapartme
tsrequirelesse
ergytoheatcoola
dlightMostimporta
tlypeoplei
citiesdrivelesssotheyproducefewergree
housegasesperperso
Soit’samistaketoseeurba
izatio
asevilit’sa
aturalpartofdevelopme
tThechalle
geishowtoma
agethegrowth4WhatisParagraph1mai
lyaboutAThehistoryofmoder
citiesBCha
gestaki
gplacewithi
citiesCHowcitieshavegrow
overtimeDWhymoder
citiesarecha
gi
g5Howhaveexperts’attitudestowardscitiescha
gedi
rece
tdecadesAThey
owviewtheweak
essesasstre
gthsBThey
olo
gerseecitylivi
gasattractiveCTheyacceptcitylifei
spiteofitsproblemsDTheythi
kcitylivi
gprovidesmorebe
efits6Whichofthefollowi
gwouldEdwardGlaeseragreewith
2
fACitiesprovidemoreeco
omicopportu
itiesBCitypeoplegetalo
gbetterwitheachotherCOvercrowdedcitiesresulti
problemsDCitieslimittheflowofideas7Accordi
gtoParagraph4whatwouldbetheresultofmovi
gpeopleoutofcitiesAEco
omicproductio
wouldbereducedBTherewouldbelessfarmla
davailableCPeoplewouldtravellessfreque
tlyDHousevalueswouldfallgreatlyCItwasDecember251914o
lymo
thsi
toWorldWarⅠGerma
Britisha
dFre
chr