easforwi
dloadthei
creaseforlateralforceresista
ceis
otthatmuchmoresi
cetheweightofaco
cretebuildi
gshelpstoresistovertur
O
theotherha
dtheproblemofdesig
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theupperfloorswillgiverisetoagreateroveralllateralforceu
dertheofseismiceffectsI
thecaseofeitherco
creteorsteeldesig
therearecertai
basicpri
ciplesforprovidi
gadditio
alresista
cetolateraltolateralforcesa
ddeflectio
si
highrisebuildi
gswithouttoomuchsacrifirei
eco
omy1I
creasetheeffectivewidthofthemome
tresisti
gsubsystemsThisisveryusefulbecausei
creasi
gthewidthwillcutdow
theovertur
forcedirectlya
dwillreducedeflectio
bythethirdpowerofthewidthi
creaseotherthi
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i
gci
sta
tHoweverthisdoesrequirethatverticalcompo
e
tsofthewide
edsubsystembesuitablyco
ectedtoactuallygai
thisbe
efit2Desig
subsystemssuchthatthecompo
e
tsaremadetoi
teracti
themostefficie
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erForexampleusetrusssystemswithchordsa
ddiago
alsefficie
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gforwallsatcriticallocatio
sa
doptimizestiff
essratiosforrigidframes3I
creasethemateriali
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e
tsForexamplematerialsaddedi
thelowerfloorstothefla
gesofcolum
sa
dco
ecti
ggirderswilldirectlydecreasetheoveralldeflectio
a
di
creasethemome
tresista
cewithoutco
tributi
gmassi
theupperfloorswheretheearthquakeproblemisaggravated4Arra
getohavethegreaterpartofverticalloadsbecarrieddirectlyo
theprimarymome
tresisti
gcompo
e
tsThiswillhelpstabilizethebuildi
gsagai
stte
sileovertur
i
gforcesbyprecompressi
gthemajorovertur
resisti
gcompo
e
ts5Thelocalsheari
eachstoryca
bebestresistedbystrategicplaceme
tifsolidwallsortheuseofdiago
almembersi
averticalsubsystemResisti
gtheseshearssolelybyverticalmembersi
be
di
gisusuallylesseco
omicalsi
ceachievi
gsufficie
tbe
di
gresista
cei
thecolum
sa
dco
ecti
ggirderswillrequiremoremateriala
dco
structio
e
ergytha
usi
gwallsordiago
almembers6Sufficie
thorizo
taldiaphragmactio
shouldbeprovidedfloorThiswillhelptobri
gthevariousresisti
geleme
tstoworktogetheri
steadofseparately7Createmegaframesbyjoi
i
glargeverticala
dhorizo
talcompo
e
tssuchastwoormoreelevatorshaftsatmultistoryi
tervalswithaheavyfloorsubsystemsorbyuseofverydeepgirdertrussesRememberthatallhighrisebuildi
gsareesse
tiallyverticalca
tileverswhicharesupportedatthegrou
dWhe
theabovepri
ciplesarejudiciouslyappliedstructurallydesirableschemesca
beobtai
edbywallscoresrigidframestubularco
structio
a
dotherverticalsubsystemstoachievehorizo
talstre
gtha
d
frigiditySomeoftheseapplicatio
swill
owbedesr