第二章
习题21写出分子式为C6H14烷烃和C6H12环烷烃的所有构造异构体，用短线式或缩简式表示。P26
解：C6H14共有5个构造异构体：
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
CH3CH3CHCH2CH2CH3
CH3CH3CH2CHCH2CH3
CH3CH3CH3CHCHCH3
C6H12的环烷烃共有12个构造异构体：
CH3
CH2CH3
CH3CH3
CH3CH3CCH2CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH2CH2CH3CH9CH32
CH3CH2CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH2CH3
CH3CH3
CH3CH3
习题22下列化合物哪些是同一化合物？哪些是构造异构体？P26
1CH3CCH32CH2CH3
22二甲基丁烷
2CH3CH2CHCH3CH2CH3
3甲基戊烷
3CH3CHCH3CH22CH3
2甲基戊烷
4CH32CHCH2CH2CH3
2甲基戊烷
CH3CH22CHCH3
5
CH3
2甲基戊烷
6CHJ3CH22CHCH3
3甲基戊烷
解：3、4、5是同一化合物；2和6是同一化合物；1与3、6互为构造异构体。
习题23将下列化合物用系统命名法命名。P29
12
3
4
CH3CHCHCHCH2
1
CH3CH35CHCH3
6CH2
7CH3
CH2
CH3
235三甲基4丙基庚烷
f12
3
4
5
6
CH3CHCHCHCH2CH2
2CH3CH3CHCH3
12
3
3CH3CHCH
CH3CH3
CH3
4
CH2
5
CH
CH3
6
CH3
7
CH3
23二甲基4异丙基庚烷235三甲基己烷
习题24下列化合物的系统命名是否正确？如有错误予以改正。P30
CH3CHCH2CH3
1
C2H5CH3
2乙基丁烷
3甲基戊烷
2CH3CH2CHCHCH323二甲基戊烷√
CH3CH3CH2CH2CHCH2CH2CH3
3
CHCH3
4异丙基庚烷√
CH3CH3CHCH2CHCHCH2CH3
4
CH3CH3CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CHCH2CH3
46二甲基乙基庚烷
24二甲基5乙基庚烷
5
CHCH3
3异丙基庚烷
2甲基3乙基己烷
CH3
CH3CH2CH2CHCH2CHCH2CH2CH3
6
C2H5CH2CH2CH3
6乙基4丙基壬烷
4乙基6丙基壬烷
习题25命名下列化合物：P30
21
CH2CH35
1CH3CHCH2CHCH2CH334
6CH2C7H2C8H3
CH3CH3
CH3
1
2
345678
2CH3CHCCH2CH2CH2CCH3
CH3
CH3
12
345
CH3CHCHCH2CHCH2CH3
3
CH3CH3C6H2C7HC8H3
CH3
CH3
CH3
123456789
4CH3CHCH2CHCCH2CH2CH2CHC10HC11H3
CH3CH3CH3
CH3
3甲基5乙基辛烷23377五甲基辛烷237三甲基5乙基辛烷2455910六甲基十一烷
f习题26命名下列各化合物：P31
CH3
1
16
2C2H5
543CHCH32
1甲基2乙基3异丙基环己烷
CH3
2
CH3
CH3
CH3
1123四甲基环丁烷
3正戊基环戊烷
42甲基3环丙基庚烷
51甲基3环丁基环戊烷
6
C2H5
CH2CH24CH3
1乙基4正己基环辛烷
习题27命名下列化合物：P33
45
13
6CH3
21
7
6甲基双环320庚烷
1
2
7
2
8CH33
6
5
4
8甲基双环321辛烷
3
3
4
21
9
8CH3
567
8甲基双环430壬烷
CH3
6
51
47
4
2
893
6甲基螺35壬烷
2
5
3
CH3
CH3
19
5
4
6
8
7CH3
137三甲基螺44壬烷
C2H5
7
6
6
8
5
9
CH3
12
34
1甲基7乙基螺45癸烷
习题28下列化合物中，哪个的张力较大，r