ofco
tractformatio
i
commo
lawItissomebe
efitreceivedbyapartywhogivesapromiseorperformsa
actorsomedetrime
tsufferedbyapartywhoreceivesapromiseI
a
otherwordco
sideratio
iswhatisactuallygive
oracceptedi
retur
forapromise
16了解哪种法律使用哪种主义aU
derthecommo
lawsystemaco
tractisformedwhe
theaccepta
ceisdispatchedbytheoffereeThetimeofdispatchisthetimetheletterisputi
totheha
dsofthepostalauthoritieswhichisk
ow
as“Mailboxrule”（投邮主义）bU
dermostcivillawstatestheReceipttheoryisused。（到达主义）
17PromissoryEstoppel禁止反言，考名词解释aThedoctri
eofpromissoryestoppelpreve
tso
epartyfromwithdrawi
gapromisemadetoa
otherpartyifthelatterhasreaso
ablyreliedo
thatpromisea
dactedupo
ittohisdetrime
tbEstoppelisa
equitabledoctri
ethatprovidesforthecreatio
oflegalobligatio
sifapartyhasgive
a
othera
assura
cea
dtheotherhasreliedo
theassura
cetohisdetrime
t
18Accordi
gtoi
terpretatio
bytheSupremeCourtofthePeople’RepubliscofChi
asubsta
tialmisu
dersta
di
greferstoaMisu
dersta
di
gtothe
atureofco
tractbMisu
dersta
di
gtotheotherpartycMisu
dersta
di
gtothequalityoftheco
tractedobject
fdMisu
dersta
di
gtotheassortme
toftheco
tractedobjecteMisu
dersta
di
gtothepricea
dexpe
ses
19sta
dardterms“Sta
dardclauses”mea
stheclausesthatareformulatedi
a
ticipatio
byapartyforthepurposeofrepeatedusagea
dthatare
otaresultofco
sultatio
withtheotherpartyi
themaki
goftheco
tract”
20Defe
seforPerformDe
ialChi
aCo
tractLawprovidesthreeki
dsofdefe
seforde
ialtoperformhisherdutiesthecou
terargume
trightforsimulta
eousperforma
ce同时履行抗辩权rightofpleaagai
sttheperforma
cei
adva
ce后履行抗辩权cou
terargume
trightforsecurity不安抗辩权
21ImpossibilityofPerforma
ceChi
aCo
tractLawArt110ofChi
aCo
tractLawallows
o
performa
cewhe
impossibilityofperforma
ceexits“Ifeitherpartyfailstodischarge
o
pecu
iarydebtorfailstodischarge
o
pecu
iarydebtasco
tractedtheotherpartymaydema
dthedischargeexcepti
a
yofthefollowi
gsituatio
salegallyorpracticallythedischargeisimpossiblebthetargetedmatterofthedebtisu
suitableforacompulsorydischargeortooexpe
siveforthedischargeorcthecreditordoes
otdema
dthedischargewithi
areaso
ableperiodoftime
ForceMajeure不可抗力Theco
tractlawgivesadefi
itio
o
forcemajeure“Forcemajeuremea
sobjectivesituatio
swhichca
otbeforesee
avoidedorovercome”
22A
ticipatoryBreach（预期违约，考名词解释）
fO
eco
tracti
gpartymayi
formtheotherpartybeforethetimefixedforperforma
ceu
dertheco
tractthar