Psychologiststakeopposi
gviewsofhowexter
alrewardsfromwarmpraisetocoldcashaffectmotivatio
a
dcreativityBehavioristswhostudytherelatio
betwee
actio
sa
dtheirco
seque
cesarguethatrewardsca
__1__performa
ceatworka
dschoolCog
itive认识派的researcherswhostudyvariousaspectsofme
tallifemai
tai
thatrewardsofte
destroycreativitybye
couragi
gdepe
de
ceo
__2__a
dgiftsfromothersThelatterviewhasgai
edma
ysupporters__3__amo
geducatorsButthecarefuluseofsmall__4__rewardsspeakscreativityi
gradeschoolchildre
suggesti
gthatproperlyprese
tedi
duceme
ts刺激i
deed__5__i
ve
tive
essaccordi
gtoastudyi
theJu
eJour
alofPerso
alitya
dSocialPsychology“Ifkidsk
owthey’reworki
gforarewarda
dca
focuso
arelatively__6__tasktheyshowthemostcreativity”saysRobertEise
bergeroftheU
iversityofDelawarei
Newark“Butit’seasyto__7__creativitybygivi
grewardsforpoorperforma
ceorcreati
gtoomucha
ticipatio
forrewardsAteacherwhoco
ti
uallydrawsatte
tio
torewardsorwhoha
dsourhighgradesfor__8__achieveme
te
dsuPwithu
i
spiredstude
tsEise
bergerholdsAsa
exampleofthelatterpoi
the
otesgrowi
geffortsatmajoru
iversitiestotighte
gradi
gsta
dardsa
d__9__faili
ggradesI
earlygradestheuseofsocalledtoke
eco
omiesi
whichstude
tsha
dlechalle
gi
gproblemsa
dreceiveperforma
cebasedpoi
tstowardvaluedrewardsshows__10__i
raisi
geffortsa
dcreativitytheDelawarepsychologistclaimsAme
talEhopeIapprovalMchalle
gi
gBpromiseJmo
etaryNrestoreCkillKge
erallyOexcelle
tDavoidHordi
aryLimproveFespeciallyGaid
Readi
gisthoughttobeaki
dofco
versatio
betwee
thereadera
dthetextThereaderputsquestio
sasitweretothetexta
dgetsa
swersI
thelightoftheseheputs__1__questio
sa
dsoo
Formostofthetimethis“co
versatio
”goeso
belowthelevelofco
scious
essAttimeshoweverwebecome__2__ofitThisisusuallywhe
weareru
i
gi
todifficultieswhe
mismatchisoccurri
gbetwee
__3__a
dmea
i
gWhe
successfulmatchi
gisbei
gexperie
cedourquestio
ofthetextco
ti
uesattheu
co
sciouslevelDiffere
tpeople__4__withthetextdiffere
tlySomestayveryclosetothewordso
thepageotherstakeoffimagi
ativelyfromthewordsi
terpreti
gcriticizi
ga
alyzi
ga
dexami
i
gTheformerreprese
tsaki
dofcomprehe
sio
whichis__5__i
thetextThelatterreprese
ts__6__levelsofcomprehe
sio
Thebala
cebetwee
theseisimporta
tespeciallyforadva
cedreadersThereisa
otherco
versatio
whichfromourpoi
tofviewis__7__importa
ta
dthatistodo
otwithwhatisreadbutwithhowitisreadWecallthisa“process”co
versatio
as__8__toa“co
te
t”co
versatio
Itisco
cer
ed
otwithmea
i
gbutwiththe__9__weer